PETTAZZONI, Raffaele. San Giovanni in Persiceto, near Bologna 3.2.1883 — Rome 8.12.1959. Italian Scholar of Comparative Religion. Professor in Rome. Son of Cesare P. and Maria Luigia Minezzi. Studies of archaeology, etc. at Bologna and Rome. Ph.D. 1905 Bologna. From 1909 worked at Sardinian Department of Antiquities in Museo preistorico ed etnografico in Rome. PD 1913 Rome. In 1914-22 also incaricato di storia delle religioni at Bologna. In 1923-58 Professore ord. di storia delle religioni on a new chair at Rome (but not teaching after 1953). He joined the Fascist Party in 1933 (as a university professor he had to), but did not participate in its activities. Accademia dei Lincei 1933. His only visit to Asia was Japan in 1959.

Pettazzoni began with classical religion, soon became interested in comparative religion. He had early lost his Catholic faith and strived for a non-confessional analysis.In the 1930s he promoted the study and teaching of ethnology in Italy. His leading idea was the original religion of one “high god”, mostly identified with the sky. However, he rejected P. W. Schmidt’s original monotheism as inadequate. His main contribution to Indian studies (1927) was a preliminary part of the more general discussion of the same topic in religions. In the 1950s he also gave some attention to Buddhism. He wrote much, but the last conclusive vol. of La confessione dei peccati never came out. Founder and editor of the Numen from 1954, also of other journals and series. Among his students was U. Bianchi.

Publications: La religione primitiva in Sardegna. 23+250 p. Piacenza 1912; “Le origini dei Kabiri”, MRAL 5:12, 1906-09, 655-741; La religione nella Grecia fino ad Alessandro. 416 p. Bologna 1921, 2nd ed. 1953, French 1953

– La religione di Zarathustra nella storia religiosa dell’ Iran. 19+260 p. Bologna 1920.

– “La confessione dei peccati nell’ India antica”, Studi e mater. di storia delle religioni 3, 1927, 35-81.

– Dio: formazione e sviluppo del monoteismo. 1. 22+396 p. Rome 1922; I misteri: saggio di una teoria storico-religiosa. 19+353 p. Bologna  1924.

– La confessione dei peccati. 1-3. 1. 14+355 p., 2. ??? p., 3. 10+294 p. Storia delle Religioni. Bologna 1930-36 (i.al. Hindu, Jaina & Buddhism in 1, Manichaeism & Parsi in 3), 1. in French 1931-32.

– Edited and transl. with E. G. Càrpani: Taittiriya-Upanishad. Milano & Bologna 1943.

– Miti e leggende. 1. Africa, Australia. 28+480 p. Turin 1948, 2. Oceania. 1948, 3. America Settentrionale. 4. America Centrale e Meridionale. 19??.

– Saggi di storia delle religioni e di mitologia. 21+192 p. Rome 1945, English, Essays on the History of Religions. Transl. by H. J. Rose. 7+225 p. Leiden 1954; Italia religiosa. 154 p. Bari 1952; L’omniscienza di Dio. 21+688 p. ill. Turin 1955, English The All-Knowing God, Researches into early religion and culture. Transl. by H. J. Rose. 475 p. L. 1956.

– “Pre-Āryan and Vedic Antecedents of the Polycephalous Śiva”, Saṁjñā­vyākaraṇam. Studia Indologica Internationalia 1, 1954, 1-6; “On the Attributes of God”, Numen 2, 1955, 1-27.

– In 1925-54 editor of Studi e materiali di storia delle religioni, in which he published the Vedic translations of Papesso and Gotama Buddha of Suali.

Sources: C.J. Bleeker, A. Brelich & G. Widengren, Numen 6, 1959, 76a-d; Franci 1991, 283-290; A. Pincherle, La Nouvelle Clio 10:3, 1958-60, 167-172; *M. Raspanti, “R.P. e il buddhismo”, Franci 1985, 81-91; *D. Sabbatucci, Numen 10, 1963, 1-41; N. Spineto, D.B.I. 82, 2015 (treccani.it); *H. Wagenvoort, Jaarboek K.N.A.W. 1959–60, 387-390; Wikipedia (see also Italian version, with photo).

*M. Gandini has published more than 2000 pages material about R.P. in Strada Maestra 1989-2005; V. van Bulck, Anthropos 55, 1960, 871-874; E. Ciurtin, “R.P. et Mircea Eliade. Historiens des religions généralistes devant les fascismes (1933-1945”, 333-363, and M. Stausberg, ”R.P. and the History of Religions in Fascist Italy (1928-1938)”, 365-395, both in Junginger (ed.), The Study of Religion under the Impact of Fascism. Numen Book Series 117. Leiden 2008; *Br. Rennie, “R.P. from the Perspectiveof the Anglophone Academy”, Numen 60, 2013, 649-675; *V.S. Severino, “For a secular return to the sacred: Raffaele Pettazzoni’s last statement on the name of the science of religions”, Religion 45, 2015, 1-23.

*N. Spineto, Mircea Eliade, R.P. L’histoire des religions a-t-elle un sens? Correspondance 1926-1959. P. 1994.