SALEMANN, Carl Hermann (Karl Germanovič Zaleman). Reval (Tallinn) 28.12.1849 (9.1.1850) — Petrograd 30.11.(13.2.)1916. Russian (German of Estonia) Iranian Scholar. Professor in St.Petersburg. Son of Lieutenant Hermann Salemann and Jenny von Böningh. After gymnasium in Tallinn in 1859-67 studied Arabic, Persian, Turkish and Sanskrit at Oriental Faculty, St.Petersburg University. Cand. 1871, Mag. 1875 St. Petersburg (in Persian philology). From 1875 Assistant Librarian and 1879-90 Librarian in St.Petersburg. From 1890 Director of Asian Museum in St.Petersburg, until death. From 1876 also Docent of Avesta and Pahlavi at St.Petersburg University, taught there until death. Also at Imperial Academy: Adjunkt 1886, eo. 1889 and full member 1895. Hon. Ph.D. 1902 Giessen.

Salemann’s main fields were Zoroastrian Middle Persian (Pahlavi) and classical Persian literary language (of which he wrote the famous grammar with Žukovskij), but he was also one of the discoverers of the Manichaean Middle Persian. In addition, he worked on Judaeo-Persian, Ossetic, Shughni and Yaghnobi and even on some Turkic languages.

Publications: Kand. diss. rev. as “Versuch über die Conjugation im Ossetischen I.”, Beitr. z. vgl. Sprachf. 8, 1874, 48-80; mag.diss. Četverostiščija Hakani. 1875 (on the quatrains of Khāqāni).

– “Über eine Parsenhandschrift der Kaiserlichen Oeffentlichen Bibliothek zu St. Petersburg”, Travaux du 3e session du Congrès internationale des Orientalistes 1878 II, St.P. & Leiden 1879, 493-591.

– Jagnobskie ètjudy. 1884; “Mittelpersische Studien”, Bull. Acad. Imp. 31, 1887, 417-440 = Mél. as. 9, 1888.

– With V. R. Rosen: Indices alphabetici codicum manu scriptorum persicorum turcicorum arabicorum qui in bibliotheca Imperialis Literarum Universitatis Petropolitanae adservantur. 48 p. Petropoli 1888.

– With V. Shukovski (Žukovskij): Persische Grammatik. 12+118+140 p. Porta Ling. Or. 12. B. 1889 and many editions; Kratkaja grammatika novopersidskago jazyka. St.P. 1890 (Russian transl. of the grammar without chrestomathy and glossary), English translation, Bombay 1930.

– “Mittelpersisch”, W. Geiger & E. Kuhn (eds.), Grundriss der iranischen Philologie. 1:3. 1901, 249-332.

– Ein Bruchstück des manichaeischen Schrifttums. Zap.I.A.N. 8:6, 1904; “Manichaica 1–5.”, Izv. Imp. Akad. 1907-13; “Eranica 1–4.”, Izv. 6:8, 1914 = Mél. as. 16, 1914, 795-808.

– Manichäische Studien. I. Die mittelpersischen Texte in revidierter transcription, mit glossar und grammatischen Bemerkungen. 172 p. Zapiski I.A.N. 8:10. 1908.

– Further articles and reviews.

Sources: D. Durkin-Meisterernst, Encyclop. Iranica 2005; *Hallik & Klaassen 2002, 169-172; *S. F. Ol’denburg, Izv. AN 6:11, 1917:4, 281-286 (with photo); *A. G. Perihanjan, Očerki po istorii russkogo vostokovedenija 4, 1959, 79-115; Stache-Weiske 2017, 555; Biogr. slovar’ … S.-Peterb. univ. 1, 1896, 257-259; *Mat. dlja slovarja dejstv. čl. AN. 4:1. Petrograd 1915, 293-298 & 4:2. 1917, 335 (with bibliography); photo in *A. Bazijanc, N. Kuznecova & L. Kulagina 1969, 49; French Wikipédia with photo (see also German version).