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ENSINK, Jacob (Jaap). Hilversum 5.6.1921 — ?.9.2005. Dutch Indologist and Old Javanese Scholar. Professor in Groningen. Son of Klaas Ensink (1891–1980) and Margarethe Josine van Gelder. Studied Classics, Indology and Indonesian philology (under Gonda and Bosch) at Utrecht, 1952 Ph.D. there. In 1954-62 Lecturer (lektor) of Indology at Groningen, from 1962 Professor of Indology there. Retired in 1984. Married M. N. van der Hulst. Among his students were H. Bakker and A. Entwistle.
Publications: Diss. The Question of Rāṣṭrapāla. Translated and annotated (with Tibetan text). 23+140 p. Zwolle [1952].
– Over de verlossende kennis in het Indische denken. Groningen – Djakarta 1954.
– Translated: De grote weg naar het licht. Een keuze uit de literatuur van het Mahāyāna-Buddhisme. Amsterdam 1955, 2nd ed. 183 p. Amsterdam 1973, 3rd ed. 2005 (Mahāyāna anthology).
– On the Old-Javanese Cantakaparwa and Its Tale of Sutasoma. 12+66 p. Verh. Inst. T.L.V. 54. ’s-Gravenhage 1967; “The Old-Javanese C. and its tale of S.”, R. C. Majumdar Vol. 1970, 179-188; “Sutasoma’s teaching to Gajavaktra, the snake and the tigress”, BTLV 130, 1974, 195-226.
– With van Buitenen: A Glossary of Sanskrit from Indonesia. 219 p. Vāk 6. Poona 1964.– Bedevaard en Bedevaardtsoort in India. Groningen 1969.
– “Problems of the study of pilgrimage in India”, IT 2, 1974, 57-79, other articles and reviews; in retirement wrote about genealogy.
Sources: Dutch Indology homepage; parents in geni.com; photo in Gonda, Indology in the Netherlands. 1964,


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EMMANUEL DE SAINT-ALBERT (lay Jean-Baptiste Ballyet, also written Balliet and Baillet). Marnay, Franche-Comte 18.11.1702 — 4.4.1773. French Discalced Carmelite Missionary, Apostolic Vicar of Baghdad. Son of a judge, studies at Carmelite mission seminary Saint Panceas in Rome. In 1728 sent to Babylon as Pro-Vicar, arrived 1729 and spent 6 months in Hamadan learning Turkish. From Hamadan visited Bisutun and in summer 1730 Pondichéry. From 1733 Apostolic Vicar of Baghdad, from 1741 also French consul there. In 1742 nominated Bishop of Baghdad, consecrated 1743 in Malta. Returning visited Constantinople and other places and arrived at Baghdad 1749. In 1953 came to Europe, gave his report to Pope in Rome and went to Paris and Franche-Comte, 1755 back to the East. In 1765-66 again to Europe, visited Paris, Besançon, Lyon and Rome. He had health problems, but was not given a leave and had to return to Baghdad. He was keenly interested in antiquity, studied the remains of Bisutun and Babylon and collected coins. Gave his material in Constantinople to Dr. Isaac Ballet (1693–1780) who brought it to France and gave to the library of Duc Louis d’Orleans, where his secretary —> Bourguignon d’Anville could use them.
Publications: Based on his material: Bourguignon d’Anville, “Mémoire sur un Monument très-ancien sculpté dans une montagne de la Médie”, MAIBL 27, 1761 (read 1755), 159-166, English translation in Ptts’ article (below), 586-590. The origin manuscript has disappeared.
Sources:  *D.Th. Potts, “Bīsotūn and the French Enlightenment”, JRAS 3:28, 2018, 583-614 (fig. 2 portrit of E.St-S. in Oriental costume).


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EMENEAU, Murray Barnson. Lunenburg, Nova Scotia 28.2.1904 — Berkeley, CA 29.8.2005. Canadian Indologist and Anthropologist in the U.S.A. U.S. citizen 1941. Professor in Berkeley. Son of Archibald Emeneau (1871–1912) and Ada Helena Barnson (1875–1961). Father’s early death left the family in poor conditions, but a scholarship helped him to college. Studies at Dalhousie University in Halifax (B.A. 1923) and Oxford (B.A. 1926 Balliol College; in classical languages and Sanskrit), then post-graduate studies at Yale under Edgerton and Sturtevant. Ph.D. 1931 Yale. Then further studies of linguistics and anthropology under Edward Sapir (learning fieldwork methods), assisted Edgerton in the edition of the Vedic Variants. He also taught at Yale, Latin in 1926-31, and anthropology in 1938-39. Following Sapir’s suggestion he conducted in 1935-38 fieldwork among South Indian tribals (Toda and Kota, more briefly also among Badaga, Koḍagu, and Kolami). Then at Uni­ver­sity of California in Berkeley (successor of A. Ryder): from 1940 Assistant Professor of Sanskrit and General Linguistics, 1943 Associate Professor and from 1946 full Professor. In 1953-58 chairman of the new Department of Linguistics, in 1959-62 that of Classics. Retired as emeritus in 1971. From 1949 president of the Linguistic Society of America. Hon.dr. 1968 Chicago, 1987 Hyderabad, 1999 Darbhanga, also LL.D. 1970 Dalhousie. Married 1940 Katharine (Kitty) Fitch (1903–1987). Lived to very advanced age and died in sleep in his home.
Emeneau is mainly known as a Dravidian scholar and anthropologist, but he was also an able Sanskritist. Enormous fieldwork material employed him long time, and afterwards he studied, among other things, Brahui. He organized the survey of Californian Indian languages. During the war he also taught Vietnamese. He created the idea of India as a linguistic area. Beside linguistics he was interested in folklore motifs. In teaching he dealt, beside Sanskrit and Dravidian, also with Vedic and Indo-European. He had many Indian students, e.g. Bh. Krishnamurti and R. K. Sharma, among other students e.g. Van Nooten. He lived more than 100 years and still worked almost to the end. He never used computer.
Publications: According to Krishnamurti 2005 28 books, 148 research papes, 99 reviews and 11 miscellaneous items.
– Diss. 1931 publ. as Jambhāladatta’s Version of the Vetālapañcaviṁśati. A critical Sanskrit text with an Introduction and English Translation. 23+155 p. A.O.S. 4. New Haven 1934.
– With M. Bloomfield (†) and Fr. Edgerton: Vedic Variants. Vol. 3. 1934.
– “Kṣemendra as kavi”, JAOS 53, 1933, 124-143; “An interpolation in some Manuscripts of the Bṛhatkathāmañjarī”, JRAS 1933, 821-830; “A Story of Vikrama’s Birth and Accession”, JAOS 55, 1935, 59-88; “The Nasal Phonemes of Sanskrit”, Language 22, 1946, 86-93; “Notes on Śrīharṣa’s Naiṣadhacarita”, W. Popper Vol. 1951, 87-102.
– A Union list of Printed Indian Texts and Translations in American Libraries. 15+540 p. A.O.S. 7. New Haven 1935.
– “The Vowels of the Badaga Language”, Language 15, 1939, 43-47; “The Dravidian Verbs ‘Come’ and ‘Give’”, Language 21, 1945, 184-213; “Dravidian Kinship Terms”, Language 29, 1953, 339-353.
– “Studies in the folk-tales of India 1-3”, JAOS 63, 1943, 158-168, Journal of American Folkore 56, 1943, 272-288 & JAOS 67, 1947, 1-13.
– Kota Texts. 1-4. 8+390, 4+374 p. Univ. Calif. Publ. in Linguistics 2-3. Berkeley & L.A. 1944-46.
– With others: A Course in Annamese. 3+243 p. Berkeley 1944; An Annamese Reader. 377 p. Berkeley 1944; Annamese-English Dictionary. 3+279 p. Berkeley 1945.
– “The strangling figs in Sanskrit literature”, Univ. of Calif. Publications in Classical Philology 13, 1949, 545-570.
– Studies in Vietnamese (Annamese) Grammar. 10+235 p. Univ. of California Public. in Linguistics 8. Berkeley & L.A. 1951.
– With Van Nooten: Sanskrit Sandhi and Exercises. Berkeley 1952, rev. 2nd ed. 3+28 p. B. 1968.
– Kolami, a Dravidian Language. 16+302 p. Univ. of California Public. in Linguistics 12. Berkeley & L.A. 1955, 2nd ed. Annamalainagar 1961
.– “India as a Linguistic Area”, Language 32, 1956, 3-16; “Onomatopoetics in the Indian Linguistic Area”, Language 45, 1969, 274-299; “The Indian Linguistic Area Revisited”, IJDL 3, 1974, 92-134.
– “Toda, a Dravidian Lan­guage”, TrPhSoc 1957, 15-66; Brahui and Dravidian comparative Grammar. 10+91 p. Univ. of California Public. in Linguistics 27. Berkeley & L.A. 1962; “The South Dravidian Languages”, JAOS 87, 1967, 365-413.
– With T. Burrow: Dravidian Etymological Dictionary. 29+609 p. Oxford 1961 (D.E.D.); Supplement. 11+185 p. Oxford 1962; further supplement, JAOS 92, 1972, 397-418 & 475-491; 2nd ed. 41+853 p. Oxford 1984; Dravidian Borrowings from Indo-Aryan. 10+121 p. Univ. of California Public. in Linguistics 26. Berkeley & L.A. 1962; “Dravidian Etymological Notes”, JAOS 92, 1972, 397-418, 475-491.
– Kālidāsa, Abhijñānaśakuntalā. Translated from the Bengali Recension. 12+115 p. Berkeley & L.A. 1962.
– India and historical grammar. 6+77 p. Annamalai Univ. Dept. of Ling. Publ. 5. Annamalainagar 1965.
– “Style and Meaning in an Oral Literature”, Language 42, 1966, 323-345.
– Dravidian comparative phonology: a sketch. 7+129 p. Annamalai Univ. Dept. of Ling. Publ. 22. Annamalainagar 1970.
– Toda Songs. 48+1004 p. Oxford 1971.
– Ritual structure and language structure of the Todas. 103 p. Tr. Phil. Soc. N.S. 64:6. Philadelphia 1974.
– Toda grammar and texts. 13+426 p. Mem. of Am. Philos. Soc. 155. Philadelphia 1984.
– A great number of articles on Dravidology, Sanskrit philology, linguistics and anthropology; Dravidian Linguistics, Ethnology and Folktales: Collected Papers. Selected and introduced by Anwar S. Dil. 7+487 p. Annamalai Univ. Dept. of Ling. Publ. 8. Annamalainagar 1967; Lan­guage and Linguistic Area: Essays by M.B.E. Selected and introduced by Anwar S. Dil. 14+371 p. Stanford 1980; Sanskrit studies of M.B.E.: selected papers. Edited by B. A. Van Nooten. 9+213 p. Berkeley 1988; Dravidian Studies: Selected Papers. Introduction by Bh. Krishnamurti. 31+464 p. Delhi 1994.
Sources: *H.S. Ananthanarayana, IJDL 34, 2005, 1-18, and further contributions of others in the same vol. (229-255 bibliography by B. Ramakrishna Reddy & K. Nagamma Reddy); *W. Bright, Language 82, 2006, 411-422; Bh. Krishnamurti (with bibliography) in M. B. Emeneau Ṣaṣṭipūrti Volume. 1968, xv-xxvii, also a photo; Bh. Krishnamurti (with bibliography), JAOS 125, 2005, 481-497; Bh. Krishnamurti & R. K. Sharma, Newsl. IASS 8, 2006, 47-50; W. Bright, Language 82, 2006, 411-422; parents in WikiTree; Wikipedia with photo; personal meeting 1984.
*M.B. Emeneau, “A Nova Scotian becomes a linguistic Indologist”, Konrad Koerner (ed.). First person singular. 2. Autobiographies by North American scholars in the linguistic sciences. Studies in the Histary of Linguistic Sciences 61.Amsterdam 1991, 83-101.


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ECKARD, Friedrich Simon. 1736 — 1812. German. Pastor in Rensefeld (Holstein). Minister in Holstein: in Schönwalde, then in Rensefeld (1789). His Zoroastrian studies were based on Anquetil-Duperron’s work. Married 1765 Friderica Amalia Faber, at least one son.
Publications: Ormuzd’s lebendiges Wort an Zoroaster oder Zend-Avesta, in einem Auszug, nebst einer Darstellung des Religionssystems der Parsen. 419 p. Greifswald 1789.
– Die Religion der Feueranbeter in Indien und Persien. 16+384 p. Altona 1796.
– Also wrote on the Bible and Christian religion.
Sources: Scanty stray notes in Internet.


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EBERHARDT, Paul Friedrich. Strausberg near Berlin 11.12.1879 — Pfarrkesslar bei Kahla, Thüringen 22.8.1923. German Scholar of Religion, Mystic, Poet and Dramatic Author. Studied at Berlin and Erlangen. Ph.D. 1908 Berlin (diss. on Descartes). Worked as journalist and author, several years in Sweden, then in Thüringen. The three works listed below are free German translations.
Publications: Der Weisheit letzter Schluss. Die Religion der Upanishads im Sinne gefasst. 126 p. Jena 1912.
– Das Rufen des Zarathustra (Die Gathas des Awesta). Ein Versuch ihren Sinn zu geben. 81 p. Jena 1913.
– Religionskunde. 12+242 p. Gotha 1920; further writings on religion and philosophy.
– Der Weg zur Wahrheit. Dhammapadam. 162 p. Gotha 1922.
Sources:  repertoire-explorer.musikmph.de.


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DUKES, Terence (Shifu Nagaboshi Tomio). London 1946 — 2005. British Bauddha interested in Martial Arts. In 1978 founded the Kongoryuji Temple in Norfolk, England, then teaching there. Died of heart failure.
Publications: The Bodhisattva Warriors: the origin, inner philosophy, history and symbolism of the Buddhist martial art within India and China. 25+530 p. 128 fig. York Beach, Maine 1994.
– Mainly wrote on East Asian matters.
Sources:  isshinkempo.com.


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DISERENS, Hélène Suzanne. Switzerland 17.11.1920 — Paris 10.11.2005. Swiss (?) Art Historian. Grew up in Kobe, Japan, in the age of 14 she was sent to a school in Switzerland. From 1951 worked as photographer at Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles. Retired in 1980, then living in Paris. In the 1980s and 1990s field-work in Kulu Valley.
Publications: “Rajas and Chieftains in the Sculpture of Kullu valley and the neighbouring Regions”, SAA 1987:2, Rome 1990, 1181-1193.
– “La statue de Brār (Kaśmīr) retrouvée”, Arts as. 48, 1993, 72-85; “Images et symboles des déesses de la haute vallée du Kulu”, BÉI 13-14, 1995-96, 91-115; “Two Stone Reliefs of Sūrya from Gum: A Study of the Sun-Chariot and its Teams”, Silk Road Art and Archaeology 5, 1997-98, 329-351, 7 pl.
– “Castes, privilèges et divinité tutélaire. Pages d’histoire d’un village en Himalaya Occidental au XIXe siècle”, JA 289, 2001, 237-284; “L’iconographie du temple de Markula devī au Lahoul”, Arts as. 62, 2007, 5-28.
– Other articles on Himalayan (Kulu) art e.g. in CAJ 1981, AION 1985-86, SAA 1985, BEI 1988, Arts as. 1997, JA 2001, etc.
Sources: Briefly in BEI 6, 1988, 76*; stray notes in Internet; personal knowledge 1995.


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DIMAND, Maurice Sven. Austria 2.8.1892 — 1986. U.S. (Austrian-born) Art Historian. Son of William Dimand and Betty Rosengren. Studies at Vienna, Ph.D. 1916 (under Strzygowski, diss. on Coptic tapestries). In 1916-18 Research assistant in Institute Fine Arts, Vienna. Came to the U.S.A. in 1923, naturalized 1931. From 1923 Assistant, 1925 Assistant Curator, 1930 Curator of Islamic Art in Metropolitan Museum of Art, emeritus. Married 1924 Avis E. Wood.
Publications: “Mughal Painting under Akbar the Great”, Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin N.S. 12, 1953, 46-51; other articles.
– Indian Miniature Painting. 31 p. 1959.
– Much on Near Eastern and Persian art.
Sources:  prabook.com.


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DEBEVOISE, Neilson  Carel. Jersey City, NJ 8.11.1903 — Harrisburg, PA 10.12.1992. U.S. Archaeologist and Historian of Mesopotamia and Iran. Studied at University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign, Ph.D. 1929 (under Olmstead). From 1930 taught at University of Chicago, participated in Seleucia excavations. During WW II in Military Intelligence Service, posted in Egypt, after was abandoned scholarly career and continued in intelligence, but details of this career are not public. Married 1928 Martha Esther Ketchum (1905–1995), children. His 1938 book remained long the standard work of Parthian history.
Publications: Diss. Parthian Problems. Manuscript 1929.
– Parthian Pottery from Seleucia on the Tigris. University of Michigan Studies, Humanistic Series 32. Ann Arbor 1934.
– A Political History of Parthia. 43+303 p. Chicago 1938, Persian transl. 1963, Russian 2004.
– Articles on glyptic and architecture of the Parthian and Sasanian periods, reviews, but nothing after 1947, e.g. “The Rock Reliefs of Ancient Iran”, JNES 1, 1942, 76-105.
Sources: M.J. Olbrycht & V.P. Nikonorov, Encyclop. Iranica online 2015; Wikipedia.


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DAYET, Maurice Ernest Alexandre (called “baron”). Besançon 8.11.1889 — Paris 22.3.1973. French Diplomat and Numismatician. Son of André Dayet and Marie Morel, grew up in Cramans (Jura). From 1914 worked as diplomat in Asia, Europe and South America. During WW II belonged to France Libre. Retired in 1954 as ambassador. Married 1922 Elizabeth Margaret Miller (divorce, one son and one daughter) and 1938 Eileen Mary Jacob.
Publications: “Un tétradrachme arsacide inédit”, Arethuse 2, 1925, 63-66; “Une trouvaille de monnaies séleucides et arsacides”, Arethuse 2, 1925, 131-139;  ”Divinité Nabateénne sur une Monnaie Parthe”, Arethuse 9, 1930, 39-40; “L’oiseau des monnaies de Perside”, Arethuse 1931, 37-39; “Monnaies arsacides à bonnet satrapal”, Revue Numismatique 11, 1949, 9-26.
– Also wrote on French archaeology and other subjects,
Sources: francaislibres.net with photo; German and especially Portuguese Wikipedia.