SCHAEDER, Hans Heinrich. Göttingen 31.1.1896 — Göttingen 13.3.1957. German Iranian and Semitic Scholar. Professor in Berlin and Göttingen. Son of Erich Schaeder (1861–1936; Professor of Theology at Göttingen 1896-99, Kiel 1899-1918, and Breslau). Interrupted school in Kiel in 1914 and joined the army as voluntary, served in France, Lithuania and Transylvania. Even in front read on Semitic languages and after the war studied them at Breslau under B. Meissner. His other interests included religion and Iranian. Ph.D. 1920 Breslau. In 1920 moved to Berlin and worked as reporter of politics and culture. The writings of Max Weber prompted him to continue his studies at Berlin University (under H. Becker and Markwart). PD 1922 Breslau. From 1926 Professor at Königsberg, in 1930-31 Fischer’s successor at Leipzig. In 1931-44 Markwart’s successor as Professor of Iranian Philology at Berlin. In this period he became known of his strong Nazi sympathies. After the war he taught as ord. Professor für Orientalische Philologie und Religionsgeschichte at Göttingen in 1946-57. Married Grete Waranitsch (1903–1990), a scholar of German poetry, two children.
Schaeder was many-sided scholar, whose interests included Islam, Manichaeism (following Reitzenstein), classical heritage in the East, and Iranian influences in the Bible. As Iranian scholar he remained outside the then leading (and rival) schools of Andreas and Bartholomae. He translated much, but never prepared editions. He was not interested in the modern period and never visited Asia. The downfall of Nazismus left him frustrated and depressed him for the rest of his life, after the war he took himself many kinds of odd jobs such as translating T. S. Eliot’s poems. In 1955 he joined the Catholic Church. Many plans remained unrealized, e.g. a study of the Zoroastrian Gāthās and a grammar of Pahlavi. He was not very good as a teacher and had not many students (C. Colpe and A. Schimmel).
Publications: Diss. Hasan al-Basri. Studien zur Frühgeschichte des Islam. Manuscript 1920, publ. in Der Islam 14, 1924, 1-75; hab.diss. Hafizstudien. Manuscript 1922.
– With R. Reitzenstein: Studien zum antiken Synkretismus. Lp. 1926. (by H.H.S.: II. “Iranische Lehren”, 199-355).
– “Urform und Fortbildungen des manichäische Systems”, Vortr. der Bibl. Warburg 4, 1927, 65-157; Esra der Schreiber. 77 p. Tübingen 1930; “Manichäismus und spätantike Religion”, Z. für Missionsk. und Rel.wiss. 50, 1935, 65-85; “Der Manichäismus nach neuen Funden und Forschungen”, F. Taeschner (ed.), Orientalische Stimmen zur Erlösungsgedanken. Morgenland 28. Lp. 1936, 80-109; “Der M. und sein Weg nach Osten”, Glaube und Geschichte. Fs. F. Gogarten. 1948, 236-254.
– “Iranische Beiträge”, Schr. der Königsb. gel. Ges. 6:5:11, 1930, 199-296; Iranica. 88 p. AGWG 3:10. Göttingen 1934; “Beiträge zur iranischen Sprachgeschichte”, Ungarische Jahrb. 15, 1936, 560-588; “Beiträge zur mitteliranischen Schrift- und Sprachgeschichte”, ZDMG 96, 1942, 1-22; “Wilhelm Geiger als Iranist”; ZDMG 98, 1946, 171-180.
– “Über die Inschrift des Ariaramnes”, SBeAW 1931, 635-645; “Über einige altpersische Inschriften”, SBeAW 1935, 489-506.
– “Ein parthischer Titel im Sogdischen”, BSOS 8, 1935, 737-749; “Ein iran. Lehnwort in den Inschriften von Mānikiāla”, ZDMG 1943, 330-332.
– “Gott und Mensch in der Verkündigung Zarathustras”, Corolla. Fs. L. Curtius. St. 1937, 187-200; “Eine indogermanischer Liedtypus in den Gathas”, ZDMG 94, 1940, 399-408; “Zarathustras Botschaft von der Rechten Ordnung”, Corona 9, 1940, 575-602; “Der iranische Zeitgott und sein Myrhos”, ZDMG 95, 1941, 268-299.
– Studien zur orientalischen Religionsgeschichte. Hrsg. von C. Colpe. 8+282 p. Darmstadt 1968.
– Much on Arabic and Islam, on Hebrew, translations, and studies on Goethe (Goethes Erlebnis des Ostens. 182 p. Lp. 1938), T. S. Eliot, H. von Hofmannsthal, etc.
Sources: W. Eilers, Kratylos 3, 1958, 82-84 (with bibliography 84-93); O. Pritsak, ZDMG 108, 1958, 21-40 with photo, three others in S. Kahlo, H. S. Nyberg. En vetenskaplig biografi. Stockholm 1991/93; W. Sundermann, Encyclop. Iranica 2017 (online); Wikipedia with photo.
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