SAPIR, Edward (born Eduard Sapir). Lauenburg, Pomerania (now Lębork, Poland) 26.1.1884 — New Haven 4.2.1939. U.S. Linguist and Anthropologist. Born in an unorthodox Lithuanian Jewish family, which emigrated first 1888 to Liverpool and then in 1890 to the U.S.A., son of Jakob David Sapir, a cantor, and Eva Seagal. Grew…
PENKA, Karl. Müglitz, Moravia (now Mohelnice, Czech) 26.10.1847 — Vienna 10.2.1912. Austrian Anthropologist, Linguist and Aryan Enthusiast. Educated Vienna, studies of anthropology and comparative linguistics. In 1873-1906 schoolteacher (professor) at Maximiliansgymnasium in Vienna. He connected linguistics with ethnology equating language groups with supposed human races. Propagated a theory of Scandinavian…
MOBERLY, Arthur Norman. New Alresford, Hampshire 1873 — Southwark, Surrey 24.5.1934. British Civil Servant in India. Son of John Cornelius M. and Caroline Hunter. Educated at Winchester and Christ Church, Oxford (M.A.). Arrived in India in 1896 and served as magistrate in Bengal. Superintendent of Ethnography in Bengal, finally Chief Secretary…
MARSHALL, William Elliot. 1826? — Torquay, Devon 21.11.1888. British Colonial Officer and Anthropologist in India. Son of an officer, educated at Rugby. Lieutenant-Colonel of Bengal Staff Corps (1873). Retired as Major-General. Married 1861 Caroline Sylvia Hardy (1840–1926), one daughter, one son. During a furlough in Ootacamund he became interested in Todas…
MANTEGAZZA, Paolo. Monza, Lombardy 31.10.1831 — San Terenzo, Lerici, Liguria 28.8.1910. Italian Physician, Author and Traveller, also a Darwinian Anthropologist. Son of Giovanni Battista M. and Laura Solar, a wealthy family. The mother was known as a social reformer and friend of Garibaldi. Studies at Pisa and Milano, M.D. 1854…
LEWIS, Oscar (born Lefkowitz). New York 25.12.1914 — New York 16.11.1970. U.S. Anthropologist. Son of a rabbi, raised in a farm in upper New York state. Studies at City College of New York (B.A. 1936 in history) and Columbia University, switched from history to anthropology (Ruth Benedict). Ph.D. 1940 there. Taught…
LEWIN, Thomas Herbert. London 1.4.1839 — Abinger, Surrey 11.2.1916. British Colonial Officer in India. Lieutenant-Colonel. Son of George Herbert Lewin (1808–1856) and Mary Friend (1811–1890). Educated at Littlehampton and Addiscombe, in 1857 to India. Until 1874 served in Chittagong Hill Tracts. From 1875 Deputy Commissioner of Cooch Behar and from…
HILL, William Charles Osman. 13.7.1901 — 25.1.1975. British Anatomist, Primatologist and Physical Anthropologist. Son of James Osman Hill and Fanny Martin. Educated in Birmingham, studies at Birmingham University (M.D. 1925). From 1925 Lecturer in Zoology at Birmingham, in 1930-45 Professor of Anatomy at the Ceylon Medical College. In 1945-50 Reader…
GORER, Geoffrey Edgar Solomon. London 26.3.1905 — Sussex 24.5.1985. British Anthropologist, noted for his application of psychoanalytic techniques to anthropology. Born in a non-practising Jewish family, educated at Carterhouse. Studies at Cambridge, graduated 1927. Further studies at Sorbonne 1922-23 and Berlin 1927-28. First worked as author, writing one novel and…
GOUGH, Eleanor Kathleen. Hunsingore near Wetherby, Yorkshire 16.8.1925 — Vancouver 8.9.1990. British Anthropologist in the U.S.A. and Canada. Daughter of Albert Gough, a blacksmith. Educated in Knaresborough. From 1943 studies at Girton College, Cambridge. Ph.D. 1950. Taught at Brandeis University in 1961-63, University of Oregon 1963-67 and Simon Fraser University…